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Evolution and nature

The cover photo on the issue: Cell Host & Microbe This is how the bacteriophages (in purple) affect the function of the bacteria by reversing the DNA - a reversal that changes their effect on the immune system. This effect is demonstrated by changing the color of the bacteria from yellow to green. Illustration credit: Tomm Blum

Gut bacteria are able to change their 'software' in response to inflammation, which may affect the immune system

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The intestine is a very dynamic organ that is constantly changing structurally, mechanically and chemically, and the intestinal bacteria are required to cope with this dynamism. One of the features that may help them in this is plasticity - the ability to undergo rapid genomic changes in response to changes in environmental conditions
Studying the reproductive timing of corals. The image was prepared using DALEE and should not be considered a scientific image

Citi coral and village coral

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Prof. Oren Levy researches the timing of the reproduction of corals around the world and is surprised by Dioc. However the biological clock of the corals is not adapted to the volume lights
Prof. Yaron Tykochinsky releases sea turtles. Photo courtesy of him

How can you tell if a green sea turtle will grow up to be male or female?

Researchers analyze the DNA and hormonal profile of the green turtles to understand their physiology, development and reproduction and ensure their survival
The milk from the air in the center of the image will replace that of the cows grazing outside. Credit to the science site, via DALEE

The "Cow of the Sky" project - producing milk from the air

The Cow of Heaven project aims to find a way to produce milk protein from bacteria that feed on carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Gal Vared holds a rope on which a soft coral grows in the coral reef at a depth of 15 meters in front of the Katsa beach (photograph: Dr. Ronan Lieberman)

Encouraging news: plastic pollution in the Gulf of Eilat is low compared to other coral reefs in the world

The research team: "We must act quickly to continue protecting our coral reefs" * The article is dedicated to the memory of Tal Ilon, a man of the sea, the commander of the Kfar Gaza alert squad who was murdered on October 7
The action of mitochondria in the respiratory system of plants. Courtesy of the researchers

The genetics of breathing

Researchers have characterized genes and proteins that are involved in the splicing process in the mitochondria of plants and are essential for cellular respiration and growth
Leucoraja ocellata species photographed at the cold end of its range, Labrador Sea, Newfoundland, Canada. (Photo: Shahar Chaikin)

living on the edge

Fish that change their distribution towards the poles due to climate change are declining in abundance
A solar eclipse affects animal behavior. Credit: The Science website, via DALEE

The solar eclipse may confuse the behavior of the birds

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Unlike the 2017 eclipse that occurred in August, this eclipse occurs when the spring migration is already underway. And since most birds fly at night, a solar eclipse may affect them significantly
A herd of elephants illustration: depositphotos.com

The mystery of the prehistoric quarrying sites has been solved: the connection between man, the elephant and the source of water

Why did the ancient man return again and again, over hundreds of thousands of years, to the same quarry sites? It turns out that the secret lies in the migration routes of the elephants
A herd of Triceratops horridus walks in a swamp during the Cretaceous period. Credit Bart Boss

Spielberg was right: triceratops lived together (video)

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A decade-long study shows that five three-horned dinosaurs lived - and died - together, similar to their depiction in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic World
Photo credit: Hagai Nativ, Maurice Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa

With the help of artificial intelligence: an effect of ship noise on dolphins was found for the first time

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According to the researchers, the dolphins communicate in a different way and change their vocal behavior when they encounter the noise of a ship and therefore they are definitely affected by the noise of the ships. Past studies have already shown that a change in vocal behavior can be related to stress and distress
A family of chimpanzees. lost the tail Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why did we lose the tail?

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The loss of the tail occurred about 25 million years ago, when the lineage of humans and great apes split from that of the ancient apes. The researchers identified the insertion of a specific AluY element into the intron of the TBXT gene as a key event that could explain the loss of the tail
The image illustrates the complex interactions described in your summary, and shows the complex choices that bacteriophages make between aggression and dormancy within their bacterial hosts, which are influenced by environmental cues and the health of the host. This represents the sophisticated mechanisms at work in bacterial and viral interactions as revealed by the study. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

How do viruses decide whether to stay friendly?

This is how the decision-making mechanism of viruses works
The new yeast was discovered for the first time by chance in a mouse intestine (fluorescence microscope image of intestinal tissue, in red - yeast cells named after Weizmann)

Yeast against yeast: Healthy competition between different fungal species in the gut may protect against life-threatening infections

Scientists of the Weizmann Institute of Science have discovered a new species of Schmer that is able to push the legs of other species that may be dangerous to health; The scientists named the new species after Dr. Chaim Weizman
Zimmergel from Israel. Photo - Yitzhak Cohen, Society for the Protection of Nature

For the first time: freshwater crabs were discovered in Modi'in

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The ecological environment was discovered as part of a nature survey conducted by the Society for the Protection of Nature for the Municipality of Modi'in Maccabim Re'ot and financed and accompanied by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
The experimental setup: microfluidic channels with a diameter of 1 micron in which E. coli bacteria were grown for several generations using a variety of fluorescent markers. These markers make it possible to follow important events in the bacterium's life cycle at the single cell level

How does a bacterium know it's time?

on the cellular division plan
Fairy circles in Namibia in the rainy season. Photo: Dr. Stefan Getzin

The mystery of the fairy circles

Integrating coping mechanisms of ecosystems makes it possible to deal with drought conditions
Two pairs of introductory divers and their guide surround the artificial reef Photo: Dr. Jenny Tiniakov

Artificial reefs protect the coral reefs in Eilat

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Researchers from Ben Gurion University followed divers in Eilat for 15 years and found that the placement of the artificial reef reduced the pressure of diving on the natural reef
cutting Courtesy of the researchers, Tel Aviv University

What improves the cutting process of plants that is considered critical in agriculture?

Researchers have discovered a way to significantly optimize the rooting process in the natural genetic cloning process of plants
A wandering wire, February 2024. Photo: Dr. Dor Edalist, University of Haifa

Jellyfish of the "wandering thread" species of unprecedented sizes have been observed in recent days along the coast of Israel

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After a summer without jellyfish, and the enormous size of the jellyfish in the winter swarms, we expect that the coming summer will be relatively abundant in jellyfish," said Dr. Dor Edelist, a marine biologist from the University of Haifa
Cells that the researchers infected with corona (a weaker color indicates that they were destroyed due to the infection)

The infection processes of the corona virus

Researchers used RNA sequencing of individual cells to characterize the ways in which the corona virus spreads in the cells of the body, and in the general population
Artist's rendering of a group of G. blacki within a forest in southern China. Credit: Garcia/Juan-Boyo (Southern Cross University)

3 meter tall apes in East Asia became extinct because they were overspecialized

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In the spectacular karst landscapes of southern China, giant apes, known as Gigantopithecus blacki, once roamed. They were three meters tall and weighed about 250 kilograms. They became extinct about 300 thousand years ago. The reasons for the extinction of these apes remained a mystery for years
Different variants of the corona virus. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The origin of the variants

A study in immunocompromised patients found that the corona virus develops mutations while hiding in the lungs, which can help its spread in the rest of the population
Comparison between the plants whose seeds were exposed to ethylene, and the normal plants. source

Eureka moments, strange discoveries and super plants

Thanks to an accidental discovery in the laboratory, researchers were able to improve plant growth and give them resistance to drought and salinity conditions, by exposing their seeds to a plant hormone in a simple and easy-to-apply process
Blacks also support Trump. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Every dog has its day? The people who hesitate to vaccinate their dogs

A new study reveals that about half of Americans are afraid to vaccinate their dogs, thereby risking the spread of rabies and other diseases that can harm the animal - and humans. And what is the situation in Israel?
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